Pneumonia is a name for a lung inflammatory condition. In particular, tiny air sacs -- microscopic ones, in fact -- known as alveoli are what become inflamed. Shortness of breath can occur from this condition, as can many other symptoms. A variety of medical causes can also be behind this illness.

Symptoms

Keep in mind that the items mentioned on this page do not make an exhaustive list. These are just some possibilities of medical signs and symptoms that may appear when a patient has pneumonia. They can also show up in other issues. Coughing is common. The patient might experience difficulty breathing. Chest pain is another typical symptom. A fever is a usual issue, and shaking chills may come with it. Some other symptoms, which may be less common, include pain in the joints (arthralgia) or muscles (myalgia), fatigue, headaches, nausea, and vomiting.

Causes

A wide range of things can lead to pneumonia. Many cases are brought on by bacterial infection, including Streptococcus pneumoniae as the bacterial cause that is most frequently noted. Viral pneumonia is also somewhat common, with an estimated 18 to 28 percent of cases due to infection by a virus. These do not make up all forms of the disease, however, as other items such as fungus and parasites can lead to it. In some circumstances, pneumonia occurs, yet the cause is unknown. This means that such a case is idiopathic in nature.

Diagnosis

If a doctor suspects that a patient may have this illness, based on physical examination and noted symptoms, then certain diagnostic methods may be used to confirm that the disease is present. Often, chest X-rays are employed, as are blood tests. Sputum culturing might also be used. In some rare cases, it might be difficult to determine whether a patient has pneumonia, particularly when other illnesses are affecting him. In such a situation, a CT scan of the chest or even another method may be used.

Treatment

The treatment method used for cases of pneumonia varies based upon the type that is affecting the patient, as well as other factors. Please keep in mind that the details found here are not meant to be used to select a way of treating the condition, nor are they meant to replace or be a substitute for professional advice. Commonly, antibiotics are prescribed, and the patient may also be advised to drink lots of fluids, have sufficient rest, and be cared for at home. Some viral forms may be treated with antivirals, although for many even this is not effective.